为什么火山灰威胁航空旅行

  • 火山灰云通常出现的高度和商业客机的飞行高度相同。
  • 火山灰的喷沙会在飞机外部摩擦,会损坏发动机的热部件和堵塞导航传感器。
  • 这是首次火山云覆盖了密集的空中交通领域。

问:为什么周四冰岛火山喷发会破坏整个西北欧洲大部分航班?
答:
民航已成为越来越多的通过和浮石的岩石构成火山灰云的微观碎片飞行的危险。喷气发动机的设计环境中发挥作用的碎片和腐蚀性气体自由高度复杂的机器,和火山灰的影响,严重危及飞行安全一些。

问:为什么国家的空中交通管制机构关闭其领空?
答: 火山岩柱一般旅行在20,000至脚,五五○○○英尺高度。这也正好与几乎所有的商业飞机航班的飞行高度层。但是,较小的螺旋桨飞机用目视飞行规则飞行通常是允许的,因为这需要在海拔较低的地方。

问:火山灰如何影响到飞机的,什么是它带来的危险?
答: 火山灰颗粒造成危害到飞机的机身和发动机。他们容易划伤和腐蚀涂料,铝合金和玻璃。这损害了翅膀的领 导优势,并已对驾驶舱挡风玻璃和着陆灯喷砂效果。里面的发动机,颗粒坚持发动机的热部件,形成一个玻璃状涂层,磨了涡轮机,轴承,及其他活动部件,通过涡 轮气流限制。这可能导致推力发动机直接损失,并最终失败。

灰可以阻止皮托管和供应速度和室外空气压力传感器等重要信息。它还可以阻塞,如通过它的空气流动到客舱空气过滤器。

问:什么时候通过认可为安全威胁灰云飞行?
答:
在20世纪80年代初,两架波音747飞机严重受损的灰云从Galunggung火山在印度尼西亚的爪哇岛喷 出。其中之一,英国航空公司的航班,失去了所有4个发动机的力量。虽然飞行员设法重新启动发动机,飞行高度较低,由此产生的滑动仍然作为有史以来没有具体 作为滑翔机设计的飞机执行的最长的队伍之一。

另一个747遇到类似的问题,同时通过对山灰云飞行。 Redbout安克雷奇附近,在阿拉斯加。和至少10个大型喷气式客机和10的DC – 10秒1991年遭受了来自多个灰山发动机故障。在菲律宾皮纳图博。

问:为什么没有火山灰造成如此大规模的空中交通中断过吗?
答: 这是首次有火山羽毛已覆盖了密集的空中交通领域。约20,000飞行在欧洲举行,每天灰造成这些百分之二十左右被取消。通常,火山爆发发生在有限的地区,有交通,如飞机的“火”,扩展从印尼横跨太平洋沿岸智利环。

问:为什么不只是飞机飞遍灰云层,就像他们这样做时,踢脚雷暴?
答: 由灰烬构成的主要危险之一是,它是在夜间或不可见的云,而且飞机的气象雷达无法捡起来。雷达探测工程的在云中水滴的原则,但由于火山灰云干,他们不反映雷达信号。

粉煤灰颗粒导电。通常,第一个迹象,飞行员的火山灰已经是圣埃尔莫的消防外观 – 一种无害的电现象,造成了各地的翼尖光球 – 时创建的带电粒子撞击飞机。

问:多长时间在欧洲目前的混乱持续多久?
答: 这取决于如何长时间火山喷发继续拍摄到大气中灰,并在盛行风在未来几天内。在羽似乎是按照急流通常整个不列颠群岛和斯堪的纳维亚曲线。

Posted: 四月 18th, 2010
Categories: 科学
Tags: ,
Comments: 62 Comments.
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